Bernstein Shur’s has formed a "drone team," a legal group that includes a labor and employment lawyer, a municipal and governmental services lawyer and the firm’s information technology specialist, who’s owned a drone for two years.
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Michael Bosse, leader of Bernstein Shur's construction practice group, came away from the American Bar Association's annual meeting for construction lawyers in Florida this past spring with an unexpected insight. A panel discussion with the intriguing title of “Sticks, Bricks, Bytes and Drones” put those helicopter-like unmanned aircraft on his radar, making the point that the growing use of drones by architects, engineers and construction firms to gather useful data from the air inevitably would be accompanied by new rules and regulations governing their use.
That realization has spurred the creation of Bernstein Shur's “drone team,” a legal group led by Bosse that includes labor and employment lawyer Kelsey Wilcox Libby, municipal and governmental services lawyer Philip Saucier and the firm's information technology specialist Jason Levasseur, who's owned a drone for two years. The legal drone team, which Bosse says might well be the first in Maine, is now publishing regular “drone law boot camp” blog posts on the law firm's website.
“I saw there was going to be a real need for legal expertise on drones, given their rapid proliferation not only in the construction industry but in society in general,” he says of the takeaway message of that ABA panel discussion in Florida. “The need has arrived at our doorstep because the technology of drones is progressing at an unbelievably rapid pace.”
How rapid? Market research by Consumer Electronics Association, the technology trade association representing the $285 billion consumer electronics industry in the United States, forecasts sales in the U.S. market will approach $105 million in 2015, a 52% increase over 2014. Likewise, CEA anticipates unit sales in the U.S. this year to approach 700,000, a 63% increase over 2014.
With that explosion in sales has come a corresponding increase in complaints about civilian drones, among the most worrisome being the Federal Aviation Administration's report this summer of a dramatic increase in pilot reports of encounters with unmanned aircraft over the past year, from a total of 238 sightings in all of 2014, to more than 650 by early August.
Other well-publicized incidents include a drone that flew into power lines in West Hollywood, knocking out power to 700 customers, several occasions in which planes and helicopters fighting wildfires in California this summer were grounded due to unauthorized drones in the air space, and a quadcopter drone crashing on the White House grounds.
Acknowledging it is playing catch-up, the FAA is working feverishly to create a comprehensive regulatory framework governing the non-recreational use of drones weighing up to 55 pounds. Proposed rules released in February envision the possibility of additional, more flexible regulations for recreational drones that weigh less than 4.4 pounds. The new rules are expected to take effect by next June.
In the meantime, an FAA task force faces a Nov. 20 deadline to come up with safety recommendations that are likely to include new registration rules for recreational small drones that could be fast-tracked for implementation before year's end.
The bottom line, as Bosse sees it, is that legal guidelines for the commercial and recreational use of drones are very much in flux and will be for the foreseeable future.
“Right now, and for at least the next several months, we're in a gray area,” he says regarding legal questions that include guidelines governing how registration of small drones might be handled, whether requirements will be retroactive and what will be done with data collected during the registration process.
Drone law boot camp
Given how fluid the FAA's regulatory process is proving to be, Bosse says Bernstein Shur's drone team realized the traditional approach of hosting seminars and publishing legal white papers was ill-suited as a way of educating clients and the general public about all the legal issues involving drones.
That's where the team's online “Drone Law Boot Camp” blog alerts, advertised via Twitter, comes into play.
“I'm a big proponent of using social media,” Bosse says, noting that with the old-school approach a legal practice group might reach 20 people attending its seminar, while a blog post has the potential of reaching hundreds and even thousands of people once it's uploaded to the law firm's website. The team's goal, he says, is to provide at least weekly updates that will try to keep pace with the rapidly evolving legal and regulatory issues surrounding civilian drones.
The team's mix of legal expertise already is evident in the four postings made since the blog's launch in October:
- Libby explains in her Oct. 27 post the likelihood that a new registration system will be implemented in December. She notes that one intent will be “to foster accountability by allowing the authorities to track drones back to their users.”
- Bosse, the go-to authority on the use of drones in the construction and real estate arenas, outlines in his Nov. 2 post the FAA's draft regulations on the commercial use of drones, highlighting the “333 Exemption” that gives the FAA authority to authorize commercial drone uses on a case-by-case basis until the final regulations are in place.
- Saucier, chairman of the firm's municipal and governmental services group and co-chairman of the land use and environmental practice group, brings the issue closer to home with his Nov. 6 post noting that “state and local governments have begun to enact laws and ordinances to regulate the use of drones to protect the privacy and safety of their residents.” He points out to a new law enacted by the Maine Legislature this year with bipartisan support that “prohibits law enforcement agencies from using a weaponized drone, and from using a drone in a criminal investigation without a warrant, with certain exceptions. ”
IT specialist Jason Levasseur brings legitimate street cred to the team. He's owned and operated a drone equipped with a GoPro camera as a serious hobby for two years. As an early adopter, he came into his knowledge by using the Internet and by comparing notes with other drone hobbyists. Admitting that some drone hobbyists are “appalled” by the likelihood of greater regulations being imposed on their drone flying, Levasseur understands the reasons behind the FAA's fast-track push for registration and the increased attention it's paying to both commercial and civilian drone users.
“I welcome having as much information and guidelines that I can get,” he says.
Bosse, Libby and Saucier anticipate their clients have similar feelings, whether it's wondering just how a municipality might prepare for Amazon and Google's announced plans to use drones for E-commerce and package delivery, or the labor and privacy issues that might arise when drones are used to monitor construction jobsites to ensure safe practices or to protect against theft of equipment.
“I like to be part of evolving law in general,” says Saucier. “This happens to be a new and exciting area for us right now. It's really evolving quite rapidly.”
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